Retaining walls have long been used in residential and commercial settings to help laterally support soil to a slope that it would not naturally keep. For homeowners who are facing deep slopes or difficult grades, adding a retaining wall is a great way to add dimension and maximize outdoor space. Over the years, walls have been constructed using a variety of different materials. The use of rail tie walls rose to fame in the 70’s because they provided a cost-efficient solution to retaining wall and landscaping needs. However, homeowners were unaware of the threat of toxins and chemicals being brought into their environment.
Rail Tie Preservatives
Because of long-term durability needed for railways, rail tie timbers are treated with a chemical called Creosote. Composed of over 100 different chemicals, creosote is an oily by-product from the distillation of coal tar. Although an effective preservative against decay and insect damage, the substance has now been banned for residential use because of its toxicity. What once spread in residential popularity, we now know can cause a multitude of issues for those in close contact.
Health Threats Caused from Creosote Exposure
Creosote has since been classified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a probable carcinogen. In many cases, direct exposure to the skin has caused rash and irritation. Studies have also shown that those with repeated exposure had an increased risk of cancer and respiratory problems. In 1986 the EPA pushed for tougher legislation to stop the use of creosote in residential settings. Even with these efforts’ timbers remain in use from before this time. Meanwhile, rail ties are often still treated with the chemical to this day.
Risk Factors to the Environment
The Dangers from creosote exposure do not solely rely on direct contact. The chemical can spread into soil and contaminate groundwater, affecting pets, wildlife and beneficial insects. Rail ties used in gardens can even threaten the food you grow. Allowing you to digest small traces of the chemical through the food you eat.
Retaining Wall Alternatives
If you are currently using rail ties in your landscape, it is important to consider removing them and any contaminated soil. Safer options to look into are using segmental wall blocks rather than rail ties, as these are natural, long lasting alternatives. While treated timbers have a lifespan of about 15-20 years and can require continuous maintenance. Walls built from high quality materials such stone or blocks can be expected to last over 50 years with minimal maintenance.
Removal of rail ties should be handled with caution and the use of long sleeves, gloves and masks. Timbers should never be burned as a means of disposal. This only further propels the spread of chemicals into breathable space. For proper removal and replacement, residents should consider reaching out to a professional contractor.
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